Adel Abdel Ghafar is a Fellow in the Foreign Policy Program at Brookings and at the Brookings Doha Center, where he was previously Acting Director of Research. He specializes in political economy and his research interests included state-society relations and socio-economic development in the MENA region. He has consulted for the European Union and the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade and has worked for a number of financial institutions including HSBC and Citigroup.