North Africa and the Sahel are two deeply interconnected regions where persistent instability poses significant challenges. Both regions are besieged by conflict, political unrest, human and arms trafficking, fragile statehood and terrorist threats, resulting in an unstable security landscape. Moreover, in the context of increased multipolarity, a more assertive role of non-Western international players, coupled with growing regional rivalries, have a profound impact on local dynamics. Such instability is taking its toll on economic development and integration between North Africa and the Sahel.   

How are security threats in these two regions interconnected? What strategies are needed to enhance cross-border cooperation? How can economic integration be scaled up? How should the European Union and North African and Sahelian governments engage in a more effective dialogue?